Wednesday, December 5, 2012

Looking Back


       After researching and composing four blogs upon the subject of poverty, I have come to realize it as an alarming issue that continues to worsen even throughout modern-day society.  There are many issues raised concerning poverty, as it branches out, affects and is affected by various different subjects.  These subjects include low-income families, social assistance, children, housing, health care, food, human rights and education to name a few.  It is also apparent the various communities poverty effects within Canada itself, including single parents, First Nations, the LGBTQ, immigrants and refugees. 

       The blogs I have written consist of various issues surrounding multi-generational poverty that I have found both interesting and appalling.  Being quite interested in history, I enjoyed writing my first blog on the subject of European Feudalism and the concept of poverty in the Middle Ages.  From this, I gained much information of the origination of poverty.  I have also developed knowledge of the English Poor Laws and which elements still effectively continue to enforce stigma against Canada’s poor society today.  My second blog focused upon the issue of the United Nations and their struggle to persuade the Canadian government to research multi-generational poverty.  I learned that although the UN provided Canada with a national food strategy, our government refused to take action and support these issues.  By researching this subject, I was notified of various alarming statistics.  I used the social democratic policy learned in class to provide ideas in which our Canadian government could change its policies in order to aid its growing poverty population.  The third blog I composed focused on the importance of social assistance programs and their need for reform.  By gathering research, I discovered that most social assistance programs in today’s society have not been effective.  It was concluded the Canadian government’s need to research the effectiveness of such social assistance programs to properly and most effectively distribute their funds in benefit of those communities in need.  My fourth blog focused on the LGBTQ community and the fact that they were of the poorest populations among Canadian communities.  I concluded that this was because of workplace discrimination and gender-based principles.  Because of this, I suggested our neo-conservative government look towards their promise of human rights and equality in supporting these communities through the difficulty of poverty. 

       By reading the various other blogs posted by my classmates, I gained an even wider perspective upon the issue of poverty and its importance in Canadian society.  I also noticed that each blog in its own greatly called for reform.  Some issues present within these blogs I found most interesting were the issues upon mothers and selling their bodies to provide enough income for their families, as well as the issue of abortion as a woman’s way to prevent being unable to provide for her child.  I also discovered various issues surrounding poverty within the branches of race, ethnicity, gender and inequality.  Not only did I learn about various issues surrounding poverty, but the other issues that affect Canadians throughout modern-day society.  These issues were included within the groups of mental illness, physical and mental disabilities, women, First Nations, northern communities, older adults, the LGBTQ, immigrants and refugees.  I was deeply moved upon important issues such as euthanasia, transgenderism and bathroom rights, contamination and environmental concerns and sex-selective abortion.  By understanding these issues, it has opened my eyes based on the need and importance of change within Canadian society.  It has also given me an understanding of the types of people presently active towards change.  More important, I was able to get a better understanding of social work and the ideologies present within its subject.

       I have believed this blogging assignment as beneficial for my learning in various ways.  By commenting on different blogs myself and other students were allowed to share and voice our opinions regarding the multiple issues surrounding us in Canada.  By learning from each other we can advocate ourselves toward change.  We have been able to research issues important to us, whether close at heart, or just plain interesting.  In this way, we were able to participate socially with one another.  The process of researching and composing such blogs has given me an opportunity to critically think and asses my thoughts and feelings towards the issue of poverty, and has provided me with various ideas on the subject of change.  I believe the concept of writing blogs throughout the semester has helped to open my eyes to such issues that surround poverty, while helping to develop my research and critical thinking skills, as well as using my own voice, thoughts and opinions present upon the subject.
 
-  Kara

LGBTQ Are Canadians Too

          There is very little information gathered regarding the LGBTQ community and poverty. The Canadian census provides us with enough knowledge through existing data to understand the impact of poverty in same-sex households, but little is known concerning the numbers of families in which reflect lesbian and gay relationships.  Statistics Canada provides us with the knowledge of 45, 300 same-sex couples living in Canada in 2006, with only 1% of Canadians identifying themselves as gay or lesbian (Stats Canada, 2011).  Although these statistics include the number of single LGBTQ living in Canada, it does not provide us with those who do not identify themselves as living in same-sex households (Queers for Economic Justice, 2012).  Research must be gathered concerning these LGBTQ communities, as their population is estimated to consist of 2 to 3% of all Canadians (Ryan, 2003).  Poverty is a pressing issue existing across Canada that must be resolved. 

          In 2004, 11.2% of all Canadians were living in poverty, marking 3.4 million of its entire population (CCSD, 2006).   In total, 684, 000 Canadian families were living below the poverty line at this time at a rate of 7.8% (CCSD, 2006).  The LGBTQ community suffers from poverty at alarming rates lower than that of various other Canadian populations.   Among these matters is the pressing issue of low-income, same-sex families.  Lesbian couple households are among those who are most likely to be poor within Canada (Ryan, 2003).  Lesbian families have a 14% rate of low income compared to the 11% of those in gay households (Ryan, 2003). Statistics show that 81% of gay men reside below the low-income cut off, with only 65% of heterosexual men (Ryan, 2003).  Gay men and lesbian incomes were described to be lower than that of heterosexual men, both in personal and household income (Ryan, 2003).  When comparing these statistics, it indeed shows us that poverty is gender-based.  Another population under pressure of low-income becomes transgendered families.  Canada’s transgendered population is among those of the least employed (Bauer et al, 2010).  A study of 443 transgender individuals living and working within Ontario suggests that 50% received an income lower than 15, 000 dollars per year, with only 7% receiving over 80, 000 dollars annually (Bauer et al, 2010).  This result can be linked to the amount of LGBTQ employees discriminated in the workplace.  The majority of LGBTQ felt denied employment due to discrimination, and if were working felt underemployed and denied career advancement possibilities (Ryan, 2003). 

          Although there are no accurate statistics of Canada’s homeless population, Canada’s National Secretariat on Homelessness has estimated that approximately 150,000 Canadians face the hardships of homelessness (Echenberg & Jensen, 2008).  The cause of homelessness is identified through a wide range of factors, among those the cost of housing and lack of adequate income (Echenberg et al, 2008).  In 2006, 11.9% of all Canadians were described as living below the poverty line, along with the majority of welfare income families.  Since 1990, the Canadian government has continued to decrease funding for housing and related programs (Echenberg et al, 2008). Homelessness becomes another pressing issue among the branches of poverty that greatly impacts the Canadian LGBTQ community (Ryan, 2003).  The LGBTQ community believes that sexual orientation is a major factor that contributes to homelessness, because of homophobic rejection (Ryan, 2003).  Being that most homeless shelters segregate by birth sex regardless of gender identity, most of the homeless transgender population is often ignored by such agencies (QEJ, 2012).  Because of this reason, studies suggest that 1 in 5 transgender individuals need shelter assistance (QEJ, 2012). 

          Although it is not the fact of poverty alone that demonstrates any given ideology, it becomes about understanding which policies remain in place to address the issue of poverty within Canada.  By gathering these statistics, it can be summed up that we Canadians live under the ideological perspective of a Neoconservative government.    As stated before, government funding continues to be cut for use in welfare areas such as affordable housing and social assistance (Echenberg et al, 2008).  By looking at what little research I could find, I have discovered the absence of government support for those members of the LGBTQ community in even greater amounts than that of the general Canadian population.  The neoconservative ideology bluntly believes individuals suffering from poverty have only themselves to blame, being lazy and stupid (Drury, 1997).  This explains the lack of understanding and support for the LGBTQ community who are unable to receive or keep jobs due to homophobic rejection and workplace discrimination.  I would understand that neoconservatism would consider this a fault of the LGBTQ community itself, as they cannot provide their own adequate income.  The neoconservative ideology stresses that equality of opportunity is already reality, thus explaining its hostility towards the welfare state (Drury, 1997).  I believe that neoconservatists would refuse to develop social assistance programs for those in the LGBTQ community unable to find work, even though it lies beyond the LGBTQ community’s control.  Finally, the neoconservatist ideology favours nuclear families.  These families consist of heterosexual couple households.  This suggests that neoconservatists prefer heterosexism and offers the notion of homophobia. 

          The Canadian government is a governmental structure put in place for the benefits, well-being and union of a nation-wide community.  However, our Neconservative government does not pursue this case.  It is understood that the Neoconservatist ideology believes in inequality, so we cannot expect the ideological backing of our government to support all individuals within our country (Drury, 1997).  I believe Canada’s political structure needs to pursue an ideological analysis that favours the inspection and prevention of social problems.  If all Canadians wish to be considered equal, than why is it not so?  Aren’t members of the LGBTQ community Canadians too?

 

-  Kara


References:

(CCSD) Canadian Council on Social Development.  (2006).  “A Profile of Economic Security in Canada: Poverty.”  Stats and Facts Canada.  Retrieved from http://www.ccsd.ca/factsheets/economic_security/poverty/index.htm.

Bauer, G., Boyce, M., Coleman, T., Kaay, M., Scanlon, K. & Travers, R.  (2010, July 6).  “Who are Trans People in Ontario?”  Trans Pulse:  Building Communities through Research.  Retrieved from http://transpulseproject.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/E1English.pdf.

Ryan, B.  (2003).  “A New Look at Homophobia and Heterosexism in Canada.”  Canadian Aids Society.  Retrieved from http://www.cdnaids.ca/files.nsf/pages/homophobiareport_eng/$file/homophobia%20report_eng.pdf.

Statistics Canada.  (2011, July 14).  “Gay Pride, by the Numbers.”  Statistics Canada.  Retrieved from http://www42.statcan.gc.ca/smr08/2011/smr08_158_2011-eng.htm.

Echenberg H. & Jensen, H.  (2009, February 2).  “Risk Factors for Homelessness.”  Library of Parliament Research Publications, Parliament of Canada.  Retrieved from http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb0851-e.htm.

Author unknown, QEJ.  “Tidal Wave:  LGBT Poverty and Hardship in a Time of Economic Crisis.”  Queers for Economic Justice.  Retrieved from http://www.q4ej.org/Documents/qejtidalwave.pdf.

Drury, S.  (1997, May 17).  “Demise of the Tory Tradition:  Conservatives have forgotten their debt to the poor.”  University of Regina, Faculty of the Arts.  Retrieved from http://phil.uregina.ca/CRC/herald_demise.html.

      

The Penny Pinching Life of a Student




     Essentially, the article above is about how post-secondary students were once again left out of the federal budget. That despite the fact that tuition fees are reaching an all-time high and constantly climbing, no new student financial aid initiatives were made in the 2012 budget (Godmere, 2012).
     I’ll kick this blog off with a question: what have you done to pay your tuition to get into Algoma University? Some of you have probably been working and saving up for quite some time. Maybe a few of you opened a Student Line of Credit or made a loan (hello debt). As you sit there and wonder “is it worth it?” as I’m sure you have, most people would dubiously answer “yes”. But in reality, no one can answer that question with exactitude, for in our day of economic downturn, we find a lot of highly educated people flipping burgers (not to be Debbie Downer). However, can one really put a price tag to education and a future career? Perhaps not… to a certain extent.
    According to the 2012 Guide to Education Costs in Canada, the average student pays 42,000$ on a standard four year program in University; this is without residence or any of the extra living cost, strictly tuition. For those that choose to live in residence, the average would be hiked up to 71,800$ for the same amount of schooling (Knowledge First Financial, 2012). Those of you living in residence… starting to wish you stayed at home yet? Unfortunately that’s not an option for most of us.
    The next extrapolated fact is not for the faint of heart. Unless, like my own, your future plan is to marry into A LOT of money, or if you’re the secret grandchild of Bill Gates, you might want to disregard these coming few lines and skip to the next paragraph. According to the same Guide to Education Costs in Canada, we’re looking at a whopping 116,200$ (with residence) in 2030. (Knowledge First Financial, 2012). Though it may seem far away, for all you first years in or nearing your 20s, that will be the price you pay to send every single one of your children to University for just four years. And who knows? Maybe a Bachelor’s degree will mean nothing by that time. Just twenty years ago, pursuing your post-secondary education wasn't a requirement. Going to college back then was BIG. Nowadays, it’s a societal and, generally, a familial expectation. Maybe by the time our children get to University, we’ll be paying double of what I just said so they can go through eight years of school to keep up with the standards of the harsh “Real World”.
   I’m not trying to discourage prospective or current parents into sending their children to post-secondary schools. Simply trying to state that, ONE HUNDRED SIXTEEN THOUSAND DOLLARS IS INSANE. I mean, I know I shouldn’t have a problem sending my children to school when the time comes considering that my husband will be the CEO of an international airline or the inventor of the teleportation machine, but I am worried about the rest of you less ambitious folk. 
    
   
      All gold-digging jokes aside, something needs to be done. If the government adds to the tuition fees over the coming years, most of us will probably be frustrated (to say the least) at the fact that the people we call our subservient leaders have yet again crossed a line. Although, it would appear as though they cannot perceive the line, and it is up to us students to draw it. The students in Quebec took a stand when word had been heard that the tuition fees would be heightened. As you can see in the table below (Statistics Canada, 2012), the Quebec tuition fees are eclipsed by Ontario's. "There are many situations of social injustice and group discrimination where the majority of disadvantaged  group members appear to passively accept their situation." 
    So why do we stand by? It is up to us students to say when we’ve had enough of paying tens of thousands of dollars for an education that should be made accessible without pushing students into living in poverty. "Faced with dwindling government support, higher education institutions had to increase their tuition revenues."(Fortin, 2004). 
     We need to adopt a more socialist way of thinking when it comes to tuition fees and education. As it values freedom and equality, it should not only be the wealthy and privileged of the "ruling class" that are promised a post-secondary education, but all people of every class. So have you had enough? Or the better question is, will you have enough ($) to send your (maybe) children to school when the time comes?

References

Godmere, E. (March 31, 2012). Students largely left out of federal budget: despite focus on research and innovation, no new student aid initiatives announced in budget 2012. The Sheaf. Retrieved December 3, 2012 from http://thesheaf.com/2012/03/31/students-largely-left-out-of-federal-budget-despite-focus-on-research-and-innovation-no-new-student-aid-initiatives-announced-in-budget-2012/

The Cost of Post-secondary Education. Knowledge First Financial. Retrieved December 4, 2012 from http://knowledgefirstfinancial.ca/Public/csp/resource.aspx?pageID=106&versionID=5565&fileName=CostGuide_EN.pdf

Average undergraduate tuition fees for Canadian full-time students, by province. Statistics Canada. Retrieved December 3, 2012, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/120912/t120912a001-eng.htm

Fortin, N. (May 2004). Rising Tuition and Supply Constraints: Explaining Canada-U.S Differences in University Enrolment Rates (Working Paper 66). Berkeley, CA: Center for Labor Economics. Retrieved December 10, 2012 from http://cle.berkeley.edu/wp/wp66.pdf

Giguere, B & Lalonde, R. (November 2, 2012).  Why Do Students Strike? Direct and Indirect Determinants of Collective Action Participation. Political Psychology. Retrieved December 14, 2012, from http://spresearch.ca/bgiguere/sites/default/files/Giguere_Lalonde2010.pdf

~ Valerie